빈칸 문제 정답과 해석 부탁드려요

다음 빈칸 문제의 정답과 해석이 궁금합니다.

The civilized man is distinguished from the savage mainly by prudence, or, to use a slightly wider term, forethought. He is willing to endure present pains for the sake of future pleasures, even if the future pleasures are rather distant. This habit began to be important with the rise of ___________; no animal and no savage would do work in the spring in order to have food next winter, except for a few purely instinctive forms of action, such as bees making honey or squirrels burying nuts. In these cases, there is no forethought; there is a direct impulse to an act which, to the human spectator, is obviously going to prove useful later on.

① agriculture ② tolerance ③ satisfaction ④ philosophy ⑤ biology
해석도 함께 부탁드려요ㅠㅠ